Involves replacing a diseased or damaged organ with a healthy one from a donor. Common transplants include kidneys, hearts, lungs, livers, and pancreases. The procedure requires precise surgical skills, advanced medical technology, and a thorough matching process to minimize the risk of rejection. Organ donors can be living or deceased, and advancements in immunosuppressive drugs have improved post-transplant outcomes. Despite its life-saving potential, transplant surgery faces challenges such as organ shortages and ethical considerations. Ongoing research aims to enhance compatibility, increase donor availability, and explore innovative alternatives like xenotransplantation (using organs from animals).