Carotid artery stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the carotid arteries, crucial vessels that supply blood to the brain. Typically caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of plaque on artery walls, it restricts blood flow and oxygen to the brain, increasing the risk of stroke. Symptoms may include transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), known as "mini-strokes," or no symptoms at all. Diagnosis often involves imaging tests like ultrasound or angiography. Treatment options range from lifestyle changes and medication to surgical procedures, such as carotid endarterectomy or stenting, aimed at reducing the risk of stroke and improving blood flow.